Post 10- Job roles

Creating a short film will mean we all individually need to understand the job roles and responsibilities within a film production crew to decide how we will divide up the work amongst our small groups. This knowledge will aid us in working together coherently as a team and hopefully aid the success of our production.

The film industry divides itself into five sectors:
•Development - the writing, packaging and financing of film ideas and scripts
•Production - the process of setting up and shooting every scene in a film.
•Post Production - where all these shots are assembled, treated and mixed into a finished product.
•Distribution - the process of selling this product to audiences, via the cinemas, retailers and rental firms.
 •Exhibition - the cinemas which screen the film for the general public.

There are literally hundreds of different jobs in the UK film industry, each one requiring a unique combination of specialist skills. The majority of these roles are found within the film production sector, and production crews are divided into standard departmental hierarchies. Each department has definite tasks and allotted objectives at particular stages in the production process.





Direction.
Perhaps the best known role within the Direction department is that of Director, the person who is ultimately responsible for the creative vision and overall style of a feature film. Within this department, the Director is also supported by a number of Assistant Directors, who ensure that the Director's artistic ambitions are achieved during the filming process by providing logistical, organisational and time-management support.
Other roles in the Direction department include the Script Supervisor who oversees the continuity and edibility of each sequence as it is shot. The most junior role is that of Runner, which encompasses a wide range of general support duties.

Camera.
Good cinematography involves the creation of beautiful and/or arresting images on screen; it can also tell us more about a character or a location than any amount of dialogue or music. Shot composition, camera movement and the way a Director of Photography chooses to manipulate light and shade, all combine to create each film's unique photographic signature. A great deal of thought, preparation and hard work is involved in moving and operating cameras in ways that enhance, and do not detract from, what is happening on screen. Camera crews work with extremely delicate, expensive equipment and are amongst the most highly skilled practitioners on any film crew. They work closely together to create seemingly invisible camera moves.Camera crews work with extremely delicate, expensive equipment and are amongst the most highly skilled practitioners on any film crew.

Script Supervisors aka Continuity work as part of the Camera Department on Feature Films and Television Dramas. They ensure that, despite the fact that films are shot entirely out of script sequence, they eventually make continuous verbal and visual sense.1st AC is responsible for focusing and refocusing the camera lens as the actors move within the frame of each shot and the focal length changes.Aerial flying shots which establish the grand scale of cinema, and sequences where the audience is treated to a shot from above that takes in all the action from a dramatic and exciting perspective,are the responsibility of the Aerial Director of Photography.The responsibility of the Grip is to build, maintain and operate all the equipment that supports the camera, such as tripods, dollies, tracks, jibs, cranes, and static rigs.

Lighting
The Lighting department plays a crucial role in most film crews. Humanity lives by the light of the sun and, when it sets, artificial lights of different kinds and intensities are required. Although some productions may make use of daylight, for the most part it is necessary to use artificial light to achieve the visual image required. The different members of the Lighting crew are responsible, together with others such as the Camera crew or Designer, for the look and feel of the images that are captured on the screen. They set up a wide range of lighting equipment to achieve a variety of moods, atmospheres and effects, as well as helping to make the actors, performers and participants look right for their roles.

The different members of the Lighting crew are responsible, together with others such as the Camera crew or Designer, for the look and feel of the images that are captured on the screen. Gaffers are in charge of all the electrical work on a production, leading the team of technicians who install the lighting equipment and arrange the power supply in order to create the designed lighting effects. Lighting Technicians help to provide the relevant lighting and power supply for a film, either on a studio set, or on location. The job of the Director of Photography or Cinematographer is to give a film its unique visual identity or look. The Genny Operator's role is to maintain and operate the electricity generators which are taken to, and used at, locations where an electricity supply is difficult to obtain, or is insufficient for the requirements of the production, e.g., in a desert, in a field, on a bus or boat.

Production Sound.
Recording all sound on set or on location is the work of the Production Sound Crew which includes Production Sound Mixers, Boom Operators, and Sound Assistants. Although film is considered a primarily visual medium, much of the storytelling and emotional resonance of a script is conveyed through dialogue. Ensuring that the dialogue recorded during film shoots is suitably clear is a complex job; most film sets are challenging for the Sound Department as there are often unwanted noises to deal with, or the desired camera shots hamper the placing of microphones.Although it is sometimes easier to re-record dialogue after the shoot, most actors and Directors prefer to use the sound captured on set or location. Production Sound Crews also record atmosphere or "wild" tracks on set or on location to assist the Post Production Sound department during the editing process.

Art Department.
Films can be located anywhere; creating the visual world or setting for a film is the role of the Art Department. The look of sets or locations transports audiences into the world of the story, and is an essential element in making films convincing and evocative. These settings are rarely left to chance by film makers; a great deal of work and imagination goes into constructing appropriate backdrops to any story. The Art Department usually employs the largest number of people on any film crew. On big budget fantasy, period drama or sci-fi films, the Art Department Offices, and Drawing and Construction Studios can occupy a vast area and employ hundreds of talented people. Art Directors act as project managers for the biggest department on any film. They facilitate the Production Designer's creative vision for all the locations and sets that eventually give the film its unique visual identity.

Set Decorators provide anything that furnishes a film set, excluding structural elements. Production Buyers provide administrative support to Set Decorators, and carefully monitor and control the set decorating budget to avoid overspending. Specialist Researchers work closely with the Production Designer, the Supervising Art Director, and Set Decorator, but also provide backup in the form of detailed research to the entire Art Department. Storyboard Artists translate screenplays, or sequences from screenplays, into a series of illustrations in comic book form. Production Designers are major heads of department on film crews, and are responsible for the entire Art Department. They play a crucial role in helping Directors to achieve the film's visual requirements.

Supervising Art Directors have a primarily organisational role on big budget films which require a number of sets and involve large Art Departments. They manage the budget and schedule, enabling Production Designers to translate their vision into reality. Concept Artists produce the illustrations that help Production Designers to realise their vision for films.Graphics Artists produce all the props for films that contain graphic items.Draughtsmen are responsible for drawing up set designs.

Our short film.
Once researching these job roles we had a discussion about the different job roles we would have to take on as a group. I have been put into a group with Matt and Bobbie and we are going to create the short film Fleeting. Bobbie wrote this script and thus she automatically became the director, so Matt and i had to decide between Camera, Production designer and Lighting and Sound.

Director- Rebbecca O'Brien, she will be responsible for the following...
-Casting
-Getting the performance she wants from the actors
-Shot list
-Script Writing

Director Of Camera- Matt, he will be responsible for the following...
-The framing and positioning of camera
-Focus and Depth of field
-Stock and equipment
-Story board
-Risk Assessment
-Technical Reece

Production designer- Emma Campbell, i will be responsible for the following...
-Mise en Scene
-Costume
-Location/Set design
-Props
-Hair and Make-Up
-Character Movement
-Continuity

Finally we decided that since there is only three members of our group that we would all be responsible for the lighting and sound. And in this we will be responsible for the following...
-Technical Reece
-Booking and organising lighting equipment
-Positioning and continuity of lighting
-Planning and recording of all sound